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Footwear Constructions


Moccasin construction is characterized by a single piece of leather which is used for the UPPER and extends all the way under the foot. The moccasin is one of the most flexible constructions.	WELT construction is easily identified by the stitched strip of leather that is visible on the top of the outsole. The major advantage of this construction is that the sole can be replaced a number of times.	Cement construction the outsole and heel are cemented to the upper and insole.	Strobel construction features an upper which is completely sewn to a flexible insole. The LAST is then inserted to properly shape the upper. This is known to be one of the most flexible shoe constructions.	California construction has a very casual look. These shoes can be immediately identified by the wrap which curves down smoothly and tucks under the insole.

Leather is appreciated for its traditional, natural look, along with its durability. This makes it the sole material of choice for a wide variety of shoes, often used on Cement and Welt constructions.	TPR is a man-made composition with tremendous slip resistance and flexibility. It is also one of the most durable unit outsoles available. TPR is also often used in inlaid flex bar pads on leather-soled shoes. This sole material is often used in Cement and Moccasin constructions.	Rubber is a durable outsole material often valued for its slip-resistance and moisture-resistance. It is valued for its incredible longevity and lightweight. Rubber is often used in California or Strobel constructions.	Polyurethane has millions of microscopic air bubbles. It is lightweight, flexible and highly shock absorbent. This abrasion-resistant material is a very durable unit outsole, often used in Moccasin constructions.	Rubber Sponge is one of the lightest sole materials available. It combines the durability and longevity of Rubber along with the injection of millions of air bubbles similar to Polyurethane. This is ideal of California and Strobel constructions.